Psychological explanations efficiency meet round explanatory power, especially for those who act under a compulsion. Such explanations seem especially cogent for shoplifting tending(p) the nature of that crime and the fact that, like separate run-down sort, it seems to be the result of some underlying psychological enigma in many cases. In addition, shoplifting is a crime that "occurs among youths in e rattling racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic group" (Siegel & Senna, 1997, 109), suggesting that shoplifting is non the result of social factors such as racism, poverty, or class involvement. The fact that shoplifters come from so many different backgrounds as well as suggests that explanations relying on the development of the antisocial personality, on levels of intelligence, or on other individual traits atomic number 18 not likely to be good explanations.
Social structure theories place an emphasis on the structure of society and class differences, but here again, such theories do not explain the way shoplifting is a crime that transcends social boundaries or other evidence of social stratification. Some shoplifting could be explained by social differences, for some do steal because they ar poor. Much shoplifting, however, is undertaken by juveniles who are not poor and not deprived. They steal from some other type of compulsion.
Social deviance theory is one that might hav
e something to say well-nigh shoplifting, however, for peer pressure is certain to be one footing why such behavior develops. Cultural deviance theories acknowledge that young people commit crime because of the desire of individuals to aline to the cultural values of their immediate environment, though those values are in conflict with the values of the greater society:
However, a better formulation of the importance of peer pressure is install in the social control theory of differential association. This is also preferable to the social reaction theories such as chase aftering and conflict theories.
Those who transgress the norms of society are labeled as pervert, and the very act of so labeling them may cause the sort of behavior that defines deviance. Juvenile bedraggleds who become enmeshed in the justice clay often find themselves saddled with a deviant label and are treated by the system as a deviant. The result of this is that the individual comes to fit the label placed on him or her, living up to the low opinion others study of them. This does not explain the onset of delinquent behavior, however, and a to a greater extent valuable theory is that of differential association, which points to the fact that juveniles learn delinquent behavior from peer groups, so that placing juveniles in a deviant group creates an association which perpetuates deviant behavior. Peer-group pressure is the strongest force on the lives of young people and must be seen as the arising of most delinquent behavior.
By this principle, Sutherland suggested that the motives for delinquent behavior cannot logically be the same as those for conventional behavior . . . It is moreover the learning of deviant norms through contact with an excess of definitions toward fault that produces delinquent behavior (Siegel & Senna, 1997, 180).
Illegal drug use is some other behavior that transcends social class and similar stratifications in our society, though there are differences in terms of the sort of illega
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