The Defensive Mechanisms in Ordinary People by Judith Guest

Ordinary passel by Judith Guest is the story of a dysfunctional family who relate to iodine a nonher through a series of extensive defense mechanisms, i. e. an unconscious mind process whereby authoritativeity is distorted to reduce or prevent anxiety. The sacred scripture opens with seventeen year old Conrad, son of f number middle-class Beth and Calvin Jarrett, inhabitancy later eight months in a psychiatric hospital, there because he had attempted suicide by slashing his wrists. His mother is a meticulously orderly person who, Jared, through projection, tangs despises him.She does all the right topics attending to Jareds somatogenic needs, keeping a spotless home, plays golf and bridge with other women in her social circle, but, in her own words is an emotional cripple. Jareds set out, brocaded in an orphanage, seems anxious to please everyone, a commonplace reaction of individuals who, as children, experienced parental indifference or inconsistency. Though a no-hit t ax attorney, he is jumpy around Conrad, and, according to his wife, drinks too m each martinis. Conrad seems consumed with despair.A return to normalcy, school and home-life, appear to be more than Conrad depose handle. Chalk-faced, hair-hacked Conrad seems bent on perpetuating the family myth that all is well in the world. His family, aft(prenominal) all, are people of good taste. They do non discuss a problem in the face of the problem. And, besides, there is no problem. Yet, there is not one problem in this family but two Conrads suicide and the conclusion by drowning of Conrads older brother, Buck. Conrad eventually contacts a psychiatrist, Dr. Berger, because he feels the air is amply of flying glass and wants to feel in control.Their initial sessions to look ather scold the psychiatrist because of Conrads inability to bring his flavours. Berger cajoles him into takeing his emotions by saying, Thats what happens when you bury this junk, kiddo. It keeps resurfacing. W ont leave you alone. Conrads in arrears but steady journey towards healing seems partially the result of physic revelations which purge guilt feelings regarding his brothers death and his familys denial of that death, plus the love of a good woman. Jeannine, who sings soprano to Conrads tenor There is no doubt that Conrad is consumed with guilt, the feeling one has when one acts contrary to a role he has take for granted while interacting with a significant person in his life, This guilt engenders in Conrad feelings of low self esteem. Survivors of horrible tragedies, such as the Holocaust, frequently express convertible feelings of worthlessness. In his earmark, Against All Odds, William Helmreich relates how one survivor articulates a feeling of abandonment. Did I abandon them, or did they abandon me? Conrad expresses a similar thought in remembering the sequence of events when the sailboat they were on move over.Buck soothes Conrad saying, Okay, okay. Theyll be looking no w, for sure, just hang on, dont put tired, harbinger? In an imagined conversation with his dead brother, Conrad asks, Man, whyd you let go? Because I got tired. The netherworld You never get tired, not before me, you dont You tell me not to get tired, you tell me to hang on, and then you let go I couldnt care it. Well, screw you, then Conrad feels terrible anger with his brother, but cannot comfortably express that anger.His psychiatrist, after needling Conrad, asks, Are you mad? When Conrad responds that he is not mad, the psychiatrist says, flat that is a lie. You are mad as hell. Conrad asserts that, When you let yourself feel, all you feel is lousy. When his psychiatrist questions him astir(predicate) his relationship with his mother, Calvin says, My mother and I do not connect. Why should it bother me? My mother is a very private person. This block out of response is called, in psychological literature, rationalization. We see Conrads anger and belligerence is di splaced, i. e. vented on another, as when he physically attacked a schoolmate.Yet, he also turns his anger on himself and expresses in extreme and dangerous clinical falloff and guilt. Guilt is a normal emotion felt by nearly people, but among survivors it takes on special meaning. Most feel unrighteous about the death of loved ones whom they feel they could gift, or should have, saved. Some feel guilty about situations in which they behaved selfishly (Conrad held on to the boat even after his brother let go), even if there was no other course to survive. In answer to a query from his psychiatrist on when he last got really mad, Conrad responds, When it comes, theres always too much of it.I dont deal how to handle it. When Conrad is finally able to express his anger, Berger, the psychiatrist says to Calvin, Razoring is anger self-mutilation is anger. So this is a good sign turning his anger outward at last. Because his family, and especially his mother, frowns upon public d isplays of emotion, Conrad keeps his feelings bottled up, which shape up contributes to depression. Encyclopedia Britannica, in explicating the dynamics of depression states, Upon close study, the attacks on the self are revealed to be unconscious expressions of discomposure and anger toward another person, or even a circumstance deflected from their real direction onto the self.The aggression, therefore, directed toward the outside world is turned against the self. The article further asserts that, There are three cardinal psychodynamic considerations in depression (1) a deep sense of loss of what is loved or valued, which may be a person, a thing or even liberty (2) a conflict of mixed feelings of love and hatred toward what is loved or exceedingly valued (3) a heightened overcritical concern with the self. Conrads parents are also busily engaged in the business of denial.Calvin, Conrads father, says, Dont worry. Everything is all right. By his own admission, he drinks too mu ch, because drinking helps , deadening the pain. Calvin cannot tolerate conflict. Things must go smoothly. Everything is jello and pudding with you, Dad. Calvin, the orphan says, Grief is ugly. It is something to be afraid of, to get rid of. Safety and order. Definitely the priorities of his life. He constantly questions himself as to whether or not he is a good father. What is fatherhood, anyway? Beth, Conrads mother, is very self-possessed. She appears to have a highly developed super-ego, that part of an individuals personality which is moralistic , impact the demands of social convention, which can be irrational in requiring certain behaviors in spite of reason, convenience and common sense. She is furthermore, a perfectionist. Everything had to be perfect, never mind the impossible hardship it put to worked on her, on them all. Conrad is not unlike his mother. He is an overachiever, an A student, on the swim team and a list-maker.His father tells the psychiatrist, I see he r not being able to forgive him. For surviving, maybe. No, thats not it, for being too much like her. A psychoanalyst office call her anal retentive. Someone who is fixated symbolically in orderliness and a tendency toward perfectionism. Excessive self-control, not expressing feelings, guards against anxiety by controlling any expression of emotion and denying emotional investment in a thing or person. She had not cried at the funeral. She and Conrad had been strong and calm throughout.The message of the book is contained in Bergers glib saying that, People who keep stiff upper lips find that its damn hard to smile. We see Conrad piteous toward recuperation and the successful management of his stage of nurture, as articulated by Erikson, engagement vs. isolation. At story end, his father is more open with Conrad, moving closer to him, while his mother goes off on her own to work out her issues. Both trying to realize congruence in their development stage (Erikson), ego integri ty vs. despair.