Ib 150 Exam 1

1. ensure what is the said(prenominal) about every spiritedness, and what makes life diverse A. call the five characteristics all organisms on Earth sh be * The five characteristics all organisms share is knowledge, replication, evolution, cells, and power (cerie) B.Explain wherefore the first four are demand for life * Cells suffer things to go in and out of the organism (allows dispersal to happen so good things go in and bad things go out) * Energy is required because it allows most functions and reactions to happen in the organism * Information so your cells write out what to do next( aka the things happening in your brain motive information to learn) * payoff everything an organism does revolves around trying to replicate itself(meiosis) C. Differentiate heterotrophs and autotrophs 1. Heterotrophs need to capture vital force from an outside source 2.Autotrophs realise energy and food for themselves some(a)(prenominal) reactions are exothermic because their PEr eactants is Higher than PEproducts 2. Understand that energy to sustain life is derived from chemical say-so energyy * LOCS D. restore the exceed of electrons from their protons to the thought of chemical potential energy * The further electrons are from their protons, the more PE they have (PE is stored energy, so the distance is increased and is further meaning itll have more want to go closer to the oppositely attacted nucleus) E.Define exergonic and endergonic chemical reactions * Exergonic reactions happen spontaneously (dont need any source of energy to happen) Endergonic need energy from the outside to create the reaction heat has been released to the environment ReactantsPE greter than PEproducts(PE dropped so Exergoinic) The hydrolysis of ATP provides the energy needed for an endergonic reaction. nonplus Energy=Endergonic RxnPi is transferred to a phosphate radical F.Classify the hydrolosis of ATP as either endergonic or exergonic * Hydrolysis of ATP is exergonic (ener gy is released) the ATP outermost phosphate pigeonholings is miserableenergy is created G. Classify the the phosphorylation of a subst graze by ATP as either endergonic or exergonic.. phosphorlyation is exergonic because the electrons in ADP and the Pi have so much less PE than they did in the ATP.. phospholyation is the accession of a phosphate group to s substeateit adds negative charge to a protein the electrons in the protein change conformity (the molecules overall skeletal system) H.Use the First jurisprudence of Thermodynamics to explain how chemical reactions transfer energy from one molecule to anotherfirst law states that energy is neither created nor destroyit just means that PE will change from KE and KE will process into thermal, sound, or lighthearted energy, the energies are just changing * HOCS A. Predict whether reactions are exergonic or endergonic given information on the potential energy of reactants and products PE of reactants higher(prenominal) PE drop s ExergonicPE of products higher, then PE increases, and its endergonic B.Use the concepts of exergonic and endergonic reactions to explain how ATP does go bad in the cell via phosphorylation. 1. The addition of aphosphate group to a substrate exergonic electrons in ADP and phosphate group has much less PE than in ATP (meaning the ADP Pi are the products.. products will have less PE than the reactants.. PE drops).. When phosphorylated, the Energy is a productThe phosphorylated by ATP means that the exergonic because there was a drop in PE, DeltaG (or renounce energy thing) is negative 1.Understand the importance of cellular cellular respiration to (almost all) life on Earth * LOCS A. List (separately) the inputs and outputs of cellular respiration. Inputs of Cell Respiration Outputs of CR B. call that go only all life on Earth conducts cellular respiration C. Differentiate and relate the roles of glucose and ATP in cellular respiration D. give away the role of cellular respir ation in the transfer of energy from glucose to work done in the cell E. Differentiate aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration Anaerobic doesnt require O2, Aerobic requires O2 * HOCS A. confirm why some organisms would use aerobic cellular respiration and others would use anaerobic cellular respiration Some organisms find it diffult to acquire O2 at the bottom of the ocean, etc B. Justify why most life on Earth uses aerobic cellular respiration, instead of anaerobic cellular respiration Most life is near group O, they can acquire it mostly a lot of the time 1. Understand the importance of photosynthesis to (almost all) life on Earth * LOCS A. *** changed 8/28 *** List (separately) the inputs and outputs of the light-capturing reactions of photosynthesis Inputs of LCROutputs of LCR B. *** changed 8/28 *** List (separately) the inputs and outputs of the Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis Inputs Calvin Cycle Outputs CC C. Relate the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis to those of cell ular respiration The inputs of photosyn are the outputs of CR D. Define, identify on a diagram, and relate chloroplasts, thylakoids, and stroma Thylakoids are fluid filled sacs where the photosynthesis occurs in cells Stroma is the surrounding membrane of the chloroplastsChloroplasts are found in plants in which they absorb the light rays E. *** changed 8/28 *** Associate the light-capturing reactions and Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis with these structures F. Compare, contrast, and relate the functions of chlorophyll and carotenoids G. Use the concept of chemical potential energy to summarize why chlorophyll absorbs the wavelengths of light it does. Chem PE. H. Define carbon guileless regression I. Generalize the influence of photosynthesis on oxygen levels in Earths atmosphere.. Increased O2 levels J.Generalize the influence of carbon fixation on carbon dioxide levels in Earths atmosphere K. ingeminate the three potential fates of the excited electron produced when a photon me ets a chlorophyll molecule L. Relate the functions of the antenna complex and the reaction center in a chloroplast * HOCS A. *** changed 8/28 *** For each input of photosynthesis, predict the issue on both the light-capturing reactions and Calvin Cycle if that one input is limited. B. Illustrate the proceed of energy from solar energy, to glucose, to ATP, to work done in the cell. . Understand the importance of diffusion to cellular metabolism and the how it constraints the evolution of cell/body size and shape * LOCS A. Define diffusion B. Predict (in a general sense) the dough direction in which dissolved molecules will move given information about their concentration C. Define each of the terms of Ficks Law of spreading D. Calculate the surface area to good deal ratio for simple shapes, when presented with equations to calculate surface area and muckle E.Assess the surface area to volume ratios of different shapes relative to one another, given information about their volu me or mass F. Predict (in a general sense) changes in the rate of diffusion given changes in the various parameters of Ficks Law of Diffusion G. When provided with equations for the surface area and volume of a shape, use them to explain why the SAV of a small shape is greater than that of the same shape at a larger size. * HOCS A.Justify why the net movement of a group of molecules along a concentration gradient due to diffusion can be caused by the random movement of individual molecules B. *** added 9/2 *** Use the concepts of surface area and volume to relate 1) the top executive to acquire reactants for cellular respiration and 2) the amount of those reactants required to a champion celled organisms size Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 (O2 is a by product) along with sugar