Meaning and Definition of Philosophy Essay

The term philosophical system is derived from devil classic words, Philia importee to recognize or to befriend and, Sophia meaning wisdom. Thus, doctrine, means the love of wisdom. It was coined by Pythagoras, one of the sages of ancient Greece, born about the grade 584 B. C. doctrine is an activity people undertake when they seek to understand sound dependablefulnesss about themselves, the orb in which they live, and their relationships to the world and to each former(a).As an schoolman crystallize doctrine is much the same. Those who teach philosophical system atomic number 18 perpetu tot completelyyy engaged in asking, answering, and arguing for their answers to tones most primary seekions. To make such a pursuit more systematic pedantic school of thought is tralatitiously divided into study aras of study. Characteristics of ism Philosophy is autocratic from theology in that philosophy rejects dogma and deals with speculation rather than faith. Covers beas of research where no facts as such ar available.Philosophy attains fellowship, not by making use of the conventions or articles of faith, but by the use of the principle of vivid cognition, which may be obtained from the investigation of nature and the rude(a) study of things. Methods of Philosophy Philosophy investigates the ultimate causes of things, it is enough for it to part from unquestionable experience. It employs sage inference as its main instrumentality. Hence, it is experiential, but chiefly quick of scent. Philosophy uses the rational method in solving problems.The rational method means not only argumentation but overly contemplation combined with and confirm by experience, observation, reflection and tradition. Philosophy as a apprehension and as an Art Philosophy is a apprehension that systematically develops a speculation with the use of analyticalal tools that would help resolve the problem through discursive reasoning. It is open for debates as a gentlemans gentleman endeavor to seek the truth through learnt knowledge. Philosophy is an art because you require inherent skills & natural ability to apply the philosophical principles. Philosophy stands at the pinnacle of esthetical pursuits.Philosophy is the crystallization of artistic expression. Distinction and Commonalities amid erudition and Philosophy a) Objects Both intuition and philosophy attempts to understand and explain nature and reality. Science asks what and how and is only concerned with measurable data. In philosophy, it as well as asks why and is also concerned with things that cant be measured. b) Methods The methods of some(prenominal) apprehension and philosophy is through with(p) through observation and rationality. The only difference is that science uses instruments sequence philosophy only uses reflection.c) Procedure Both science and philosophy starts with a thing that is unknown which you want to know well-nighthing about. The only di fference between the two is that science uses scientific method to come up with a result while philosophy dont. d) Conclusions Both science and philosophy raises questions even after they have come up with a conclusion. Science conclusion, if proven, may become a equity while in philosophy is only a way of how to look at things and cant become a law. Main Branches of Philosophy Metaphysics It is a peg of philosophy that studies the ultimate structure and constitution of reality.It is usually concerned with questions such as, what is being, what is a thing, what is the thing hood of things and what makes our world a world of things at all? Aristotle, Plato and Aquinas be some of the people who supported Metaphysics. moralistic philosophy overly known as moral philosophy, the case of ethics involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of practiced and vituperate behavior. Philosophers in this offset printing attempts to answer questions such as what is good? What is right? Is morality objective or subjective? How should I treat others? Immanuel Kant and Plato be some who advocated ethics.Ethics today are divided into three ordinary subject areas meta-ethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics. a. Meta-ethics Investigates where our ethical principles come from, and what they mean. Meta-ethics answers to the questions of, are they tho kind inventions, and do they involve more the expressions of our individual emotions? b. prescriptive Ethics Takes on a more practical task, which is to arrive at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct. Involves in having good habits, following duties, and well-educated the consequences of our behavior on others. c.Applied Ethics Involves in examining specific polemical issues, such as abortion, capital punishments or homosexuality. Aesthetics A branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of art, beauty, and taste, with the creation and appreciation of beauty. It is more scienti fically specify as the study of sensory or sensory-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiments and taste. near of the questions are concerned with the value of aesthetics and the variety of aesthetic attitudes, what can life be like? Immanuel Kant is the most influential theorist in this branch of philosophy.Epistemology It is the study of knowledge. Epistemologists concern themselves with a number of tasks, which we might sort into two categories. First is to determine the nature of knowledge what does it mean to say that someone knows, or fails to know something? Second is to determine the extent of human knowledge how much do we, can we, know? Aside from its focus on the nature of knowledge, Epistemology also focuses how it relates to connected notions such as truth, belief, and excuse. a. imprint fellowship is a kind of belief.If one has no beliefs about a special matter, one cannot have knowledge about it. b. Truth Knowledge, then, requires belief. Of co urse, not all beliefs constitute knowledge. Belief is necessary but not sufficient for knowledge. We are all sometimes mistaken in what we believe in other words, while some of our beliefs are true, others are false. As we try to contract knowledge, then, we are trying to increase our stock of true beliefs. c. sightlyification Just as knowledge requires succeederfully achieving the objective of true belief, it also requires success with regard to the formation of that belief.In other words, not all true beliefs constitute knowledge only true beliefs arrived at in the right way constitute knowledge. Rational Psychology Metaphysical discipline that move to determine the nature of the human individual by a priori reasoning. Its subject-matter is the soul or mind, and its major task is to prove the immortality of the soul. It is also called Pneumatology, study of look or soul. One of three disciplines under special metaphysics in Christian Wolffs division of metaphysics. Theodic y This philosophy study concerns graven image His organism and His nature.It also attempts to reconcile the seeming conflict between the goodness of God and the existence of evil in the world. The term was coined in 1710 by German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz. Do you believe in God? Does God really exist? These are some of the questions that are raised in Theodicy. Social Philosophy The philosophical study of questions about loving behavior of humans. The philosophy of social science can be described broadly as having two aims. First, it seeks to kick upstairs a rational reconstruction of social science.Second, the philosophy of social science seeks to critique the social sciences with the aim of enhancing their ability to explain the social world or otherwise improve our understanding of it. Thus philosophy of social science is both descriptive and prescriptive. What is the method of social science? Does social science use the same methods as natural science? These are some of the questions that concerns the philosophers. Logic Logic is one of the most important and oldest branches of philosophy and its subject matter falls at the core of philosophizing.Logic studies patterns of reasoning dividing them into those that are valid and invalid with respect to a set of assumption rules. Aristotle is one of the proponent of this branch of philosophy. Aristotle does not believe that the purpose of logical system is to prove that human beings can have knowledge, instead, the aim of logic is the gain of a coherent system that allows us to investigate, classify, and evaluate good and rubber forms of reasoning. Other Sub themes Philosophy of Science This is probably the largest subfield generated by epistemology.Philosophy of science is usually divided into philosophy of the natural sciences and philosophy of the social sciences. It has tardily been divided further, into philosophy of physics, biology, psychology, economics, and other sciences. Philosophy of scie nce clarifies both the quest for scientific knowledge and the results yielded by that quest. It does this by exploring the logic of scientific assure the nature of scientific laws, explanations, and theories and the possible connections among the various branches of science. How, for instance, is psychology related to spirit biology, and biology to chemistry?And how are the social sciences related to the natural sciences? It is not an attempt to do science, but to ask questions about how science is done or why science is done and how and why it may be a good method. It is concerned with all the assumptions, foundations, methods, implications of science, and with the use and merit of science. This discipline sometimes overlaps metaphysics, ontology and epistemology when it explores whether scientific results comprise a study of truth. Plato, Aristotle, and Empedocles are some of the many philosophers of science. Philosophy of Education.A field of applied philosophy that examines th e aims, forms, methods, and results of preparation as both a process and a field of study. It is influenced both by developments within philosophy, especially questions of ethics and epistemology, and by concerns a go from instructional practice. Some of the philosophers of philosophy of education Socrates, contributed his dialectic method of inquiry. Plato and his vision of ideal Republic. Aristotle who considered human nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be genteel in education. Philosophy of Religion.Philosophy of religion is the philosophical study of the meaning and nature of religion. It includes the analyses of religious concepts, beliefs, terms, arguments, and practices of religious adherents. The range of those engaged in the field of philosophy of religion is broad and diverse and includes philosophers from the analytic and continental traditions, eastern and Western thinkers, religious believers and agnostics, skeptics and atheists. Philosophy of religion draws on all of the major areas of philosophy as well as other relevant fields, including theology, archives, sociology, psychology, and the natural sciences.Aristotle, Peter Abelard and St. Thomas Aquinas are some of the major philosophers of religion. sextette main focus of philosophy of religion a) Religious Language and Belief b) Religious Diversity c) Concepts of God / Ultimate Reality d) Arguments for and against the Existence of God e) Problems of Evil and Suffering f) Miracles Philosophy of History History is the study of the by in all its forms. Philosophy of memorial examines the theoretical foundations of the practice, application, and social consequences of history and historiography.It is similar to other area studies such as philosophy of science or philosophy of religion in two respects. First, philosophy of history utilizes the best theories in the core areas of philosophy like metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics to mastermind questions about the n ature of the past and how we come to know it whether the past way out in a random way or is guided by some principle of order, how best to explain or describe the events and objects of the past, how historical events can be considered causally efficacious on one another, and how to make up ones mind testimony and evidence.Second, as is the case with the other area-studies, philosophy of history investigates problems that are unique to its subject matter. History focuses on the unique rather than the general. The knowledgeability philosopher of history is St. Augustine. St. Augustine was the first Christian to offer a comprehensive Philosophy of History. One of his greatest accomplishments was the sanctification of Platos understanding of the two realms the perfect aery Kingdom and the corrupt copy. Philosophy of Politics and Law.Study of such topics as politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of a legitimate code by authority what they are, why th ey are needed, what makes a government legitimate. Philosophy of law (or legal philosophy) is concerned with providing a general philosophical analysis of law and legal institutions. Issues in the field range from abstract conceptual questions about the nature of law and legal systems to normative questions about the relationship between law and morality and the justification for various legal institutions.Three categories into which the topics of legal philosophy fall analytic jurisprudence, normative jurisprudence, and critical theories of law. a) Analytic jurisprudence Involves providing an analysis of the essence of law so as to understand what differentiates it from other systems of norms, such as ethics. b) Normative jurisprudence Involves the examination of normative, evaluative, and otherwise prescriptive issues about the law, such as restrictions on freedom, obligations to obey the law, and the grounds for punishment.c) Critical Theories of Law Challenges more traditiona l forms of legal philosophy such as, critical legal studies and feminist jurisprudence. Philosophy of Mind This subfield has emerged from metaphysical concerns with the mind and mental phenomena. The philosophy of mind addresses not only the possible relations of the mental to the physical, but the many concepts having an inseparable mental element belief, desire, emotion, feeling, sensation, passion, will, personality, and others.A number of major questions in the philosophy of mind cluster in the area of action theory What differentiates actions, such as raising an arm, from mere body movements, such as the rising of an arm? Must mental elements, for example intentions and beliefs, enter into adequate explanations of our actions, or can actions be explained by appeal to ordinary physical events? And what is mandatory for our actions to be free? Aristotle is one proponent of this discipline.