Common School Vocabulary in Mandarin Chinese

Essay about A Comparison of Two Film Openings to Great...

A Comparison of Two Film Openings to Great Expectations The story Great Expectations is based in Victorian times and was written by Charles Dickens in the 1860s. This novel which Charles Dickens wrote has been produced as a film one version by David Lean and another by B.B.C. The B.B.C version is the modern version and the version produced by David Lean is the traditional version. I will be comparing these two versions of the openings to Great Expectations. These two openings use varying techniques to very different effects. Both films set out to introduce isolation and vulnerability. In the David Lean version, straight away we, the audience have the impressions that the film is old fashioned†¦show more content†¦The book which we see at the start dissolves from one shot to another; in this case it dissolves from the book to Pip running to the churchyard. The narrative (voice-over) gives a wide perspective. When Pip is running to the churchyard there is a long shot used, this long shot makes Pip look small and vulnerable. The first things we see in the long shot are the gibbets where the convicts are hanged; this tells us that Pip is in a dangerous and isolated place. Then the camera shot is in the graveyard, where the creepy sound effects such as the trees creaking and the wind whistling come into play. The scenery is very spine-chilling in the graveyard. The wind gets louder as Pip gets more tense and the tree creeks just before the convict arrives so the entrance is made more dramatic. We see a tree from Pips eyes this makes him look very small and vulnerable. We also hear an owl hoot again just before the convict arrives, this hoot acts like a warning to Pip that he is in danger. It is an effective technique used by David Lean uses with the owl hooting just before the convict arrives because an owl represents danger in many stories. The convict is first seen when he jumps out on Pip out of the left hand side of the screen. The convict jumps into the shot on the left hand side because the brain automaticallyShow MoreRelatedThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower1597 Words   |  7 PagesStephen Chbosky’s film â€Å"The Perks of being a Wallflower† and J. D. Salinger’s book â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† are two coming of age texts which link to the theme of alienation through the ‘coming of age experience . Both protagonists in the film and novel experience alienation from their respective societal expectations. Charlie from â€Å"perks† is a reserved teenage boy who is tormented by his past of sexual abuse and death of his aunt and best friend. Although isolated by his own reality, Charlie seeksRead MoreParamount Pictures: the Transformers Dilemma Essay965 Words   |  4 Pagesthe respective release dates. Paramount could consider moving the release date two weeks ahead to J une, stay with the original July 1st weekend tentative date, or move the date to fall season. Similarly, Warner Brothers’ could choose to move Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows Part 2’s date ahead to the July 1st weekend, stay with the original date or move the date to fall. As shown in Exhibit 1, we can see the comparison matrix for the implications on either studio’s decision to keep or change theRead MoreMovie Review : Star Wars1544 Words   |  7 PagesUnder normal circumstances, when a fairly large franchise film is coming out, you could be forgiven for forgetting about the accompanying video game that inevitably comes along with it. Ranging from painful cash-grabs to satisfying tie-ins, film-inspired games usually appear the afterthought of the Hollywood marketing process. But Star Wars: the Force Awakens isn’t a fairly large franchise film, and these are by no means normal circumstances. A little under a month ahead of what could quite possiblyRead MoreCamparative Essay Metropolis 1984 web 1443 Words   |  6 PagesHow do these two texts from different contexts reflect changing perspectives on this idea? What it requires Both texts are connected by an exploration of rebellion and revolution that have direct relevance to the composers and their audiences. Compare and contrast the similarities and differences of the way each text portrays rebellion and revolution, taking into account context, audience, language and textual form. Prescribed texts: Metropolis (1929), directed by Fritz Lang (film) NineteenRead MoreThe Convention of a Thriller Film Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe Convention of a Thriller Film It is difficult to state a clear definition of a thriller as they cross over many genres, however the single most characteristic of a thriller is the obvious one, it thrills the audience. The plots are scary, the characters are at great risk and the films are constructed in a manner that makes the watcher really want to know what happens next. There is no formula for a thriller, other that that most thrillers follow one of a few commonRead MoreCommunity College: A Wiser Decision Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesNowadays, many people seek higher education for a better advantage in finding a job and getting a better life. Even though many people think going to a four year university directly from high school is a good idea; they are wrong. Starting out at a two year college is more affordable. Also, it helps people explore careers and prepare people to do better in four years universities later down the road. Going to four a year college directly after high school would cost a fortune amount of money. BeforeRead More The Persecution of Women in Alfred Hitchcocks Blackmail and Frenzy3321 Words   |  14 PagesPersecution of Women in Alfred Hitchcocks Blackmail and Frenzy The issue of female persecution throughout many of Hitchcock’s films has been fiercely contested, none more so than the controversial issue of assault and the attempted rape of a woman. Views that Hitchcock represents the archetypal misogynist are supported, Modelski suggesting that his films invite â€Å"his audience to indulge their most sadistic fantasies against the female† (18). Through both the manipulation of sound and theRead More Is Meursault Heroic in Albert Camus The Stranger? Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pagesterrible and is sickened by the beating.   Another display of his apathetic views is in the opening lines Mother died today. Or maybe yesterday, I dont know   This indicates that either he does not care or he had no comprehension of what had happened.   An additional illustration of his detached attitude is after his mothers funeral when he goes to see a humorous Fernandel film with Marie, his girlfriend, and then he takes her home and sleeps with her just hours afterRead MoreAnalysis Of Ramesh Sippy s Sholay 1845 Words   |  8 PagesWhen it comes to Indian popular culture, there is no film more ingrained in the public consciousness than Ramesh Sippy’s iconic thriller ‘Sholay’ (1975). The film revolves around two criminals, Jai and Veeru (Amitabh Bachchan and Dharmendra), hired by a retired police officer (Sanjeev Kumar) to exact revenge on a ruthless bandit, Gabbar Singh (Amjad Khan), responsible for murdering his family. The film blends several genres such as the Western, Comedy and Musical in its use of mis en scene, cinematographyRead MoreDracula, The Mummy, By Bram Stoker2414 Words   |  10 Pagestruly the mastermind behind the character, in which Browning brought to life. In today’s cinematic vision, we continue to do the same interpretation from novel to film however not with the same intention and with a new view. For example, Stephanie Meyer’s vampire monst er-drama Twilight was reimaged by Catherine Hardwicke in 2008 as a film, gives a whole new image to the â€Å"classic monster† compared to vampire Dracula. In contrast from Dracula to Twilight, the vampire genre almost becomes a terrifying

Direction Pilots of Todays Aviation - 949 Words

When starting out on a career hunt one of the last thing you want to find out is that your perspective career, as an Air Traffic Controller (ATC) has a negative job growth, â€Å"-0.2% overall† for the coming year (Eureka 1). At first I concluded that computers were perhaps overtaking many of the challenges ATCs faced by it actually turns out that with the increase of fuel cost and decline in the economy the number of flights per year has dropped drastically, approximately 40.2% since 2001 (airlines.org). None of this changes my passion in the aviation industry or my desire to become an air traffic controller. Simply the fact that the job growth is negative does not mean that there are not positions opening. My initial plan of entering as a†¦show more content†¦The word out is that occasionally positions will open up for people with no experience that would be trained at the FAAs training center in OK but I have yet to find an opportunity. It appears pretty clearly th at my best chance of getting into the Air Traffic Controller career is going to be through the Air Force which is why I contacted a person I found online for who took a similar route through the Navy. As per policies with the website I found her on I chose not to ask for her actual name as I felt it was not fully needed and that her user name which is â€Å"oliveoyl89† would suffice. The first question I asked was â€Å"Once I join the Air Force to become an ATC what will my time be like until Im am in a tower, and once I have all my training what will it be like to transfer to the public FAA sector?† oliveoyl89 explained â€Å"Once you enlist you will go to boot camp†¦ as soon as you graduate boot camp you will go to A school†¦in Pensacola, Fl. (for the navy) That is a fun place. I loved it there. Once you graduate from school you will have your pink card. As far as how easy it is to transfer I am not too sure yet as I have only just applied† (o liveoyl89). So far I am liking the idea more and more. My next concern is how does someone know about ATC and how do they decide that it might be for them so I asked â€Å"What made you first consider the job† oliveoyl89 replied â€Å"My uncleShow MoreRelatedWho Is The Successful Human Aviation?1709 Words   |  7 Pages Aviation has been a pivotal advancement for man-made technology in the last century. As a matter of fact, flight has always been an activity that humans have striven towards both before and after the historic airlift of the Wright Brothers with their fixed wing aircraft in the first heavier-than-air human flight at Kitty Hawk in North Carolina. Men and women alike have seen figures such as birds in the sky and have consistently questioned whether or not it was possible for a human toRead MoreThe World War I ( 1914-1918 )854 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"World War I [1914-1918] brought about many significant changes in the aviation field. At the start of World War One, aircraft were very basic and crude. By the time World War One had ended, aircraft had become far more sophisticated and had differentiated into fighters, bombers and long-range bombers. The development of aircraft was stimulated by the war’s requirements, as was the way aircraft were actually used† (â€Å"Aircraft and World War One†). At the start of the war, aircraft was thought to beRead MoreEssay about The Fokker Eindecker During World War One1237 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s world, the use of airplanes in wars or in everyday life has become a part of how we live as human beings. Removing the air forces of the world is like taking a step back in time when wars were only fought on land or sea. WWI began only eleven short years after the Wright brothers achieved powered flight in 19031 and yet aircrafts were being used for surveillance and eventually combat purposes. It is understood that these aircrafts were primitive, but they laid down the foundation for whatRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Current Number Of Female Commercial Pilots1556 Words   |  7 Pages130,000 commercial airline pilots are women, out of which only 450 are captains†, this remained constant since the 1970s. The main drive of my research project was the curiosity to know why this number hasn’t increased. Historically, women have confronted various challenges which have resulted in setbacks to their participation in the industry. Through my research, I was able to analyse and eliminate false factors which articulated to why there are so few female pilots. My outcome is high in qualityRead MoreAir Transport Management3797 Words   |  16 PagesIn order to achieve these goals effective management within the organisation is required. In a general terms management is comprised of ‘top management’, ‘middle management’ and ‘operating management’. However when organisations reach the size of today’s major carriers these definitions can become fully define and a larger framework is required. When the air transport industry was in its infancy management was a much simpler process with smaller teams and shorter communication paths between levelsRead MoreAirline Regulations1247 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause one must account for the 10% travel agent fee that is avoided with today’s online booking. So there is clearly no great ticket price benefit due to deregulation. However in the past tickets were fully refundable and you could change your destination without numerous penalties. Today people scour the internet for a discounted ticket which will usually mean a few stops along the way that may not be in the general direction of their destination. Some passengers may have to fly into alternative airportsRead More Billy Mitchell’s Impact on American Military Aviation Development1369 Words   |  6 PagesBilly Mitchell’s impact on America military aviation development is unquestionably profound but his progressive radical approach in convincing others abou t the significance of air power led other to articulate, â€Å"Mitchell had allowed his vision of the potential of aviation to cost him his perspective.† Believing in his results from combat in WWI Mitchell set out to prove the importance of the air domain challenging the establishment on the significance of air power. Mitchell started out with aRead MoreEvolution of Safety Management Essay5025 Words   |  21 PagesEvolution of Safety Management The aviation industry is an organization that contains too many moving parts to control. The industry has developed a stigma of blood priority, meaning that corrective action is not taken until the loss of life has occurred. â€Å"No human endeavor or human made system can be free from risk and error.† (FAA, 2007) Therefore the elimination of accidents is virtually impossible; the evolution of safety management is an ongoing effort of safeguarding the industry and remainingRead MoreThe Early Beginnings Of The Aviation Industry4992 Words   |  20 Pagesaircraft, to jet fighters and unmanned drone systems of today’s age, â€Å"safety is paramount† is not just a catch phrase and is repeated and highlighted in every aspect of aviation in the world. Historically speaking, safety has not always been the most important factor in research, development, and operation and those tragic results often end in loss of aircraft or worse yet, the life of others. This paper wi ll discuss the early beginnings of the aviation industry and highlight some of the more catastrophicRead MoreA Case on Air India’s Pilot Strike of May 20125993 Words   |  24 PagesA Case on Air India’s Pilot Strike of May 2012 CONTENTS 1) Company background of Air India 2) History 3) The merger into Air India 4) Financial Crisis of Air India 5) The chronology of the Air India strike may 2012 6) Highlights of the strike: Management’s view and the Union’s view 7) Causes for the strike 8) Effects of the strike 9) Interview of former executive director of Air India: Jitender Bhargava 10) Conclusion: My understandings from the case 11) References Submitted By: Ragavendra.B 09MBI050

Socrates s Value Of Athenian Law - 1586 Words

We are comfortable breaking the law when we feel it does not apply to us, that laws such as the speed limit are not real laws because everyone breaks them. In 399 BC, Socrates would have disagreed with this assertion, and died in part to keep this idea from spreading. Socrates was sentenced to death by an Athenian court, though the punishment did not fit the crimes he was accused of. We assume that any knowingly innocent person would have escaped this sentence if given the opportunity and support to do so, yet Socrates refused to and died soon after. Over 2,000 years later, Martin Luther King, Jr. is also imprisoned for a petty crime and saw his actions in line with Socrates, as they were both unjustly jailed for questioning their†¦show more content†¦He hoped to maintain structure within society but wanted to break down the â€Å"false sense of superiority† (King 39) of white people. Nonviolent disobedience was an outlet to create this unavoidable and uncomfortable tension in society while averting chaos by forcing those ignoring the minority to eventually listen. Civil disobedience is not about breaking the law, but breaking laws you cannot morally approve of or consider to be laws. It can be seen as rejecting the status quo through openly breaking an unjust law and accepting the consequences for one’s actions while having an action attached to your goal, and all the while being respectful to the society and rule of law. King’s justification for civil disobedience was through his morals in accordance with a higher power, acted out by breaking down oppressive structures that makes difference legal and distort personalities and senses of self worth (King 39), but Socrates did not have a similar distinct motive against the laws for his philosophical debates. King related, â€Å"Just as Socrates felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind†¦ we must see the need for nonviolent gadflies to create the kind of tension in society that will help men rise from the dark depths of prejudice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (King 37). His p arallel between the work of the Civil Rights Movement and the work of Socrates illustrates how essential civil disobedience was to him for opening theShow MoreRelatedSocrates Was A Greek Philosopher And The Main Source Of Western Thought Essay928 Words   |  4 PagesSocrates was a Greek philosopher and the main source of Western thought. He was born circa 470 BC, in Athens, Greece and also through the writings of his students, Plato and Xenophon we of his life. Socrates was the son of Sophroniscus, an Athenian sculptor and stone maker, and Phaenarete, a midwife. Because he was not from a superior family, he got a basic Greek education and learned his father s craft at a young age. Before Socrates devoted his life to philosophy, it is believed he worked asRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter From A Birmingham Jail1493 Words   |  6 Pagesthe law when we feel it does not apply to us, that laws such as the speed limit are not real laws because everyone breaks them. In 399 BC, Socrates would have disagreed with this assertion, and died in part to keep this idea from spreading. Socrates was sentenced to death by an Athenian court, though the punishment did not fit the crimes he was accused of. We assume that any knowingly innocent person would have escaped this sentence if given the opportunity and support to do so, yet Socrates refusedRead MoreThe Socratic Problem Of Socrates1462 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates was born in 469 B.C.E., in Athens, Greece. He was a loyal citizen of Athens who also served as a soldier as required for Athens males. His philosophy, or as it was called, his Socratic Method, laid the stones for what became to be known as Western philosophy. However, Socrates remains one of the most powerful, yet misunderstood and enigmatic figures of philosophy. What is known about Socrates comes from writings of other philosophers, such as his follower Plato, and Plato’s student, AristotleRead MoreReaction Paper On Socrates1250 Words   |  5 PagesSocrates was born in circa 470 BC, in Athens Greece. The way we know about Socrates life through the writing of his fellow students, including Plato and Xenophon. In this paper, I will be discussing: the problem that most of his fellow citizens have against him and how can philosophy help us. The kind values that Socrates defends through his trail, and how the knowledge and virtue are required for a meaningful life. First, what from his perspective, is the problem that most of his fellow citizensRead MoreSocrates : Not Guilty1610 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates: Not Guilty Intro (138) In 399 BC, when he was seventy years old, Socrates was called into court by three men: Meletus, a poet, Anytus, a politician, and Lycon, an orator. The specific charges were impiety (namely that he did not believe in the gods of Athens, and instead had introduced new gods), and corruption of the youth of the city. The account of Socrates’ trial is preserved in the Apology by Plato, a dialogue that ought not to be considered a verbatim report of Socrates’ defenseRead MoreSocrates s Argument On The Jury1830 Words   |  8 Pageshis behalf, â€Å"Socrates says what he means on the stand hold honesty above all else, so when he is offered a chance to escape from his execution he does not take it. By refusing to escape, he reiterates how sticking to agreements is important to him. Socrates commitment to the societal agreement between him and the city where he is allowed to live in Athens and leave at anytime so long as he follows the rules and expectations of the society . When speaking for the law in Crito, Socrates points out thatRead MoreTry to Persuade Socrates Friends to Save Him Against His Will1191 Words   |  5 PagesTry to persuade the Socrates`s friends to save him, against his will. Socrates Is one of the most colorful figures of the ancient Greek world, who the strangeness of privacy life have always been of special philosophical and political science. He was convict to death because he does not believe in God and corrupted the youth people to do the same. In Plato`s dialogue Crito, Socrates spent his last time in the prison. Crito is coming to save Socrates and have plans how toRead MoreGreek Society vs. Socrates Essay897 Words   |  4 PagesGreek Society vs. Socrates What make a man virtuous? Throughout many texts of Greek society the picture of a perfect man is painted and apparent. This man, the â€Å"perfect man†, is the virtuous Greek citizen. Who is virtuous not only in the eyes of society, but also at home, in war, and in his relationship to the God(s). Also in Greek society, there was a man named Socrates who’s opinion differed with his culture’s thoughts, and he constructed his own thoughts and beliefs of what characteristicsRead MoreEvolution of Slavery in Justice Essay1183 Words   |  5 Pagesto a depraved custom. Slavery’s immorality is not limned in a constitution. Slavery is immoral because time has proven it to be immoral. Beginning as early as 2000 BC there have been laws protecting slaves. The Babylonian king Hammurabi enacted the Code of Hammurabi sometime during the eighteenth century BC. In the law code Hammurabi delineated three distinct levels of crime. The highest was the proverbial eye for an eye, which was the punishment for injuring a citizen. The second tier called for aRead MoreThe Rational Vs. The Emotional1573 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinitely the case with Crito and Socrates in â€Å"Crito† by Plato. Socrates and Crito are having an intimate conversation about reasons why Socrates should escape. Socrates is charged on corrupting the minds of the youth in Athens. Crito, who is Socrates student and close friend, tries to persuade him to escape because he did not believe Socrates committed any actual crime. Socrates, on the other hand, gives his own reasons for staying in jail. Crito’s argument for Socrates to escape from jail are more emotion

Gatsby Essy Free Essays

Gatsby is not of royal greatness but fulfills all the other criteria of a tragic hero. Like everything else, the typical tragic hero has evolved greatly since its beginning days and Fitzgerald has made a large contribution to its evolution with his tragedy, The Great Gatsby. Jay Gatsby is considered a modern day tragic hero because he fulfills all of the expectations a tragic hero in todays day and age has. We will write a custom essay sample on Gatsby Essy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first expectation that Gatsby fulfills to be a modern day tragic hero is that he has a Hamartia. His Hamartia is his obsession over having Daisy to himself. He considers her as the last thing in life that he needs in order to have perfection. She is the only unrealistic dream that he chases and in the end, dies because of her, which is symbolic of her devastating impact on his life. Everything he does in life is geared towards his goal of having Daisy’s love. A quote to show when Nick realizes Gatsbys Hamartia is, â€Å"Then it had merely the stars to which he had aspired on that June night. He came alive to me, delivered suddenly from the womb of his purposeless splendor† (Fitzgerald 79). Nick realizes all of Gatsbys parties and everything Gatsby does is to reach his ideal, Daisy. This flaw of Gatsby’s is what indirectly leads to his horrific death. Something else that happens to Gatsby which makes him a tragic hero is Hubris. Ever since the beginning of his life, Gatsby has always envisioned himself as better than what he was given. He was born poor, but worked to be rich and successful, all for Daisy. He is too arrogant though, to realize he will never get Daisy. He thinks himself too powerful and cannot understand how Daisy cannot ossibly love him enough to leave Tom. A quote to prove this is, â€Å"Was already behind him, somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night. † (Fitzgerald 189). He is too conceited to realize that his illegal money isn’t enough for Daisy to fully love him back. His arrogance is what leads to his destruction in the end by the Gods. Pathos is another requirement Gatsby fulfills in being a modern day tragic hero. Although Gatsby makes many mistakes that are indirectly the cause of his death, he Just didn’t know better. He can’t seem to get over his obsession of Daisy, as he is blind to the truth. Gatsby is a romantic dreamer who believes he will win the love of his life by gaining wealth. Daisy, however, is completely undeserving of his devotion. This is what causes the reader to feel empathy with Gatsby at the end. It’s not his fault that he can’t seem to notice how superficial and materialistic Daisy really is. A quote to prove Gatsby’s absolute love for Daisy is, â€Å"He stretched his arms to warm water†(Fitzgerald 25). This reters to when Gatsby is seen looking at the green light leading to Daisy’s house. W this, the reader can see the extreme desire Gatsby has for Daisy, but no matter how much he reaches for her, he will never be able to have her. This however, is something Gatsby doesn’t realize, making the reader feel compassion for his blindness to the truth. Catharsis is also something else seen in The Great Gatsby that makes Gatsby a tragic hero. Towards the end of the novel, the readers start to realize his complete carelessness and selfishness. He only cares about himself and oes what he feels is best for himself, not really taking into consideration how his decisions will affect anyone else. A example of his recklessness would be Myrtle Wilson’s death. Although Daisy was the one who ran her over, Gatsby showed no remorse with killing Myrtle and even after he stepped on the emergency brake and Daisy fell into his lap, he drove on without regret of leaving her there. A quote to show this is, â€Å"So I pulled on the emergency brake. Then she fell over into my lap and I drove on† (Fitzgerald 137). Gatsby could’ve easily turned the car around and went ack to see if Myrtle was okay but he decided to drive on, which shows how he only cares for himself. Even when he became friends with Nick, he only did so to get closer with Daisy. Daisy’s materialistic outlook influences Jay enough to think that way too. So everything that Gatsby ever does, is all for his personal gain and his dream of getting Daisy. Gatsby’s catastrophe death is the one of the things that happens to him which makes him a tragic hero. Gatsby is tragically murdered by Mr. How to cite Gatsby Essy, Papers

Case Study on Diploma of Nursing - MyAssignmentHelp

Questions: Part 1: In your owns words, briefly describe the following legal and ethical concepts: (That is: research, paraphrase and correctly reference your understanding of the following terms :) Ethics Bioethics Nursing ethics Autonomy Non-maleficence Beneficence Justice Rights Civil Law Common Law Stature Law Vicarious Liability Open Disclosure Precedent Defendant Plaintiff Trespass Damages Harassment Assault Battery False Imprisonment Defamation Right to Refuse Part 2: Case Study Susan is a 76 year old lady who was swooped by a magpie when out walking. The bird hit Susans left eye at speed and caused severe injury. The ambulance is called and Susan is taken to City South Hospital. Susan is triaged in the emergency department where she was given pain relief and reviewed by the Ophthalmic surgeon. The surgeon tells Susan that although it is not urgent, she will need to have surgery on her eye. The surgeon has a cancellation on his theatre list that afternoon. So he asks Susan to consent to having the surgery that afternoon. Hazy from the pain medication, Susan signs the consent form. As a result of the extent of injury to the eye, Susan looses permanent sight in her left eye. Whilst recovering in the ward, Susans friend (a doctor) comes to visit her. EN Stuart who is looking after Susan, tells Susans friend that Susan is blind in one eye after surgery and gives Susans chart to the friend to read when he requested. EN Stuart gave the friend the chart because she believed that it was alright to do so because he was a doctor. It is City South Hospitals policy that bed rails are used for all post operative patients. EN Stuart did not put the rails up and Susan fell out of bed and hit her head. EN Stuart does not want to get into trouble so she does not tell anyone or document the event. EN Stuart helps Susan back to bed. Susan then develops a delirium secondary to a hematoma on her brain. Susans behaviour is quite erratic and the RN uses a sheet to tie her to the bed. The afternoon shift arrives and the nurse assigned to Susan notices that she is retained to the bed via the sheet and is non-responsive. The nurse calls for assistance and medical team arrive however they are unable to revive Susan. 1. Please explain if legal, informed consent was obtained from Susan. In the answer discuss:a) What is Informed Consent? Include in your definition the legal age of consent. b) Was the consent obtained from Susan Informed Consent? Explain your answer by applying one (1) example of legislation, regulation, guideline or policy that guide nursing practice in regard to informed consent.c) Discuss the four (4) elements to the process of open disclosure in the health care environment, in your discussion, include your role as an EN and the roles of other health care workers, use examples from the case study to show your understanding of the principles of open disclosure.2. Please explain whether EN Stuart should have given Susans chart to her friend to read? In the answer:a) Define privacy and define confidentiality.b) Then, provide two (2) examples of legislation, regulation, guidelines or policies that guide nursing practice and apply these to EN Stuarts actions in regard to privacy and c onfidentiality of documentation.3. Please discuss whether EN Stuart was negligent and whether he breached his duty of care to Susan. In the answer discuss:a) The tort of negligence including 1) duty of care, 2) breach of duty of care, 3) standard of care, 4) foreseeability, 5) omission and 6) reasonable standard b) Using one (1) example of legislation or regulation that guides nursing practice in regard to duty of care, and apply it to your discussion of negligence above.4. EN Stuart did not document the use of physical restraint. a) What are the legal requirements for documentation in your role as an EN? b) Document a nursing progress note for the use of physical restraint on a patient c) What is the protocol for using restraint in a healthcare facility? (list the steps).5. Susans death is a coroners case. a) Discuss the functions of the State Coroner b) What is the legislation and/or regulation that guides nursing practice in regard to reportable deaths, including the nursess resp onsibilities? 6. An inquest is held into Susans death.a) Define what is meant by the term Expert Witness. b) Discuss what evidence might be required by the coroners court, and include the evidence that EN Stuart could be asked to provide.7. Explain if EN Stuart was in breach of the Codes and Standards that govern EN practice? Using the Codes and Standards that govern EN practice, identify and discuss how EN Stuart was in breach of one (1) from each of the following documents: a) Nursing Code of Conductb) Nursing Code of Ethics and c) Enrolled Nursing Competency Standards8. Choose an ethical dilema from Susans situation, and in your own words, define the steps of the Moral Decision Making Model, using your chosen ethical dilemma as an example to discuss each step of the Model.9. A relative complained about Susans care while she was in hospital.a) As an EN state how you would sensitively receive the family members complaint as per hospital policy.b) How would you encourage the family member to advocate and support Susans right to care?c) How would you respect and support Susan and her familys decision to lodge a complaint?10. Susan is a fit and healthy 76 year old person normally, however hypothesise that you were caring for a 76 year old person who was admitted to your ward who appeared to be malnourished with multiple cuts and bruises. Using one (1) example of legislation that guides your nursing practice, discuss the mandatory reporting responsibilities of the enrolled nurse in regards to elder abuse. Answers: Part 1: 1. Ethics: It is known as the moral viewpoint and is defending, recommending and systematizing conceptions in relation to the distinction among the right things and the wrong things (Roth, 2005).2. Bioethics: It is the revise of contentious moral question that come out from newly-fangled possibilities and situations introduced by the development in medicines and biology. It is linked with medical guiding principles, research and practices (Dickenson, 2012).3. Nursing ethics: These are moral principles of nurses and the commitment of the nurse to the healthiness and care necessities of the patient. This ethics are meant on behalf of all the practicing nurses and at all stages of resolution construction (Ulrich, 2012). 4. Autonomy: It is the power of creation of verdicts and it is the independence of performing according to the knowledge of a definite one (Black, 2011). 5. Non-maleficence: It is to attain an advantage juncture without causing harm to any other human being (Omonzejele, 2009).6. Beneficence: It is the activity that is performed for others advantage of other person. It is performed to eliminate the harms (Peppin, 2013).7. Justice: It is the equality and impartiality. In nursing provided that of sufficient nursing care along with equal opportunity for everyone (Robards, 2011).8. Rights: It is the patient right to get full care and medication by the nurse and medical practitioner (Clark, 2011).9. Civil Law: It conquest with the clashes among the persons or with the persons and the corporations connecting to the privileges and the responsibilities to each other (Vitug, 2003). 10. Common Law: It is a structure of regulations that administers the civilization and to uphold impartiality, upholding integrity and put a stop to harm causing to persons (French, 2009). 11. Stature Law: It is a work of the legislature in written form that commands, declares or prescribes something relating to a particular set of matters. It contains a bunch of provisions relating to any particular law. Constitution of the commonwealth is the biggest example of stature law. Apart from that Australian insurance contracts act 1984 is also an example of stature law (Aph.gov.au, 2015). 12. Vicarious Liability: It refers to the when somebody is held responsible for the actions done by the other person. Like an employer can be liable for the actions of its employees (Humanrights.gov.au, 2015). 13. Open disclosure: It is the discussion of the incidents that has caused harm to patients while getting care from the nurses and the doctors (Safetyandquality.gov.au, 2015).14. Precedent: It is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts (Wi seman, 2011).15. Defendant: It means a person who has brought up before the court due to his wrongful act in civil nature (Fedcourt.gov.au, 2015). 16. Plaintiff: It means a person who has made the petition before the court of law regarding the enforcement of his or her right (Legallawyers.com.au, 2015). 17. Trespass: It means an unlawful admittance into the property of any other person (Activistrights.org.au, 2015).18. Damages: It is the penalty paid against any civil wrong done by a person; it is famous in the name of compensation (Stewart Stuhmcke, 2009).19. Harassment: It is irritable torture to a person. It includes telling insulting jokes about particular racial groups, sending explicit or sexually suggestive emails, displaying offensive or pornographic posters or screen savers, making derogatory comments or taunts about someones race or religion, etc (Humanrights.gov.au, 2015).20. Assault: It is the activity of accomplishing anxious and injurious contact along with a person (Aic.gov.au, 2015).21. Battery: It is deliberately and willingly causing hurt and wrongdoing to a human being or thing connected to him or her (Judcom.nsw.gov.au, 2015). 22. False Imprisonment: It is the unlawful confinement of a person in jail without any justifies cause (Findlaw.com.au, 2015). 23. Defama tion: It a fake allege made to an individual other than the person who has been defamed (Arts Law, 2015).24. Right to Refuse: It is the right of a person to refuse any work which may cause damage or unfavourable condition (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2015). Part 2: Case study 1. a. Informed consent is the right of the patient to independence and personal fortitude. It signifies positive answer from the part of the patient to act upon him or her in relation to any treatment after disclosing all the benefits and risks of the treatment. It is inquired from a person who has attained the age of 18 years and a person with sound mind and if he or she has not attained the age of 18 years then the guardians or the parents is entitled to provide the informed consent. Elements of Informed consent:1. A statement relating to the conditions.2. An explanation regarding the purpose. 3. The expected time duration of the research.4. Disclosure about the facts relating to risk and the expected chances of success. 5. A description relating to the expected benefits.6. Disclosure of alternative available procedures. b. Susan did not give her consent because she was not in state of condition to provide a valid consent; she was anguish from intolerable pain. According to the law of contracts consent of a person can be taken into consideration as a valid consent if it is given in a stable mental condition and the person who is giving the consent is capable understanding the conditions. With this regard Susan was not competent to give consent.c. Open disclosure refers to open discussion of patients critical condition to the concerning patient as well as patients family especially when health care is provided to the patient. It is very much significant from patients point of view. Mainly four elements are associated with this. These are as follows: 1) Concerning person who is involved in the discussion with patient, should include an expression associated with regret followed by composed explanation of actual condition (Hess, 2011).2) Patient as well as their family gets an opportunity to relate and share their own experience.3) Patient and their family should aware of the various adverse effects of that particular critical condition.4) Give a structural over view for the management of that critical condition. 2. a. Privacy is an anticipation of autonomy from not permitted interruption or needless publicity.Confidentiality denotes disclosing necessary information of the concern patient only with the relevant individuals as mentioned by the patient or lawful representative of the patient. b. First one is ethics: EN Stuart ought not to provide her acquaintance the visual aid devoid of inspecting her name in the programmed manuscript presented to the healthiness concern which says who all be able to identify about the health of Susan. It is similar to enlightening confidentiality of Susan. Second one is professionalism: EN Stuart has given the information diagram to her acquaintance as she believes she is a medical doctor so she knows how to examine it. According to the penal statutes this is a grave offense to disclose the privacy of the patient to any other physician apart from the personal doctor of the patient. 3. a. In relation to the performance of the duties towards Susan, there was an act of negligence from the part of EN Stuart. Here the respondent Stuart and petitioner Susan were in a relation by virtue of that Stuart was responsible for appropriate care of Susan but it has not been done by Stuart, as he was negligent in relation to performance of her responsibilities; she has not taken necessary care to pertain bed rails that were compulsory for post surgery patients that amounts to breach of duty of care. She has not fulfilled her responsibilities and she was guilty of negligence. b. The foreseeability under this scenario is as EN Stuart had to identify the results of not giving bed rails. But then too she did that. In this case it was not an incident of omission as no optimistic surveillance is able to be observed. Under this circumstance it was obligatory to set rails as Susan has just gone through a surgery and it is a rule of reasonable standards. 4. a. There are various legal requirements for the proper documentation especially for health care system. This documentation is the vital responsibility of patient which may include the various clinical risk factors, various corporate risk factors. It also includes the some vital physiological assessment record like various blood tests (Katz, 2011).b. from the perspective of nurse physical restrain is imposed for the benefit of the patient. As a nurse follows the direction given by the doctor and the nurse is also empowered to apply her own discretion in relation to the interest of the patient. For instance, if a patient is restricted from some kind of food then it is for the benefit of the health of that patient. c. The following are the protocol in relation to the physical restrain of a patient:i. As per the provisions of Mental Health Act, 200, physical restrain can be imposed upon a patient if that patient is not mentally fit and may cause harm to others.ii. If the physical rest rain is imposed in consistent with the care of the patient. iii. Assessing of the condition of the patient in regular interval. iv. After recovery, the restrain must be removed in the quickest possible time. 5. a. State coroner is mainly responsible for giving the proper power to investigate an incident as well as intense findings of any death, if there is suspicious incident happen. It is mainly applied for Western Australia (Miracle, 2011).b. As per the Births, Marriage as well as death act of 2003, in under section 30 is explain the regulation that identity of the person should be demonstrated in proper way, then indicate the most probable cause of death, is it unnatural or not, is the death is result of management plan and its adverse effect (Parakh, 2011).6. a) An expert witness is the one who by virtue of education, training and experiences is to have special knowledge and expertise in a specific subject above an ordinary individual so the other individuals rely legally upon h is opinion and his opinion is known as expert opinion.b) From the perspective of nurse physical restrain is imposed for the benefit of the patient. As a nurse follows the direction given by the doctor and the nurse is also empowered to apply her own discretion in relation to the interest of the patient. For instance, if a patient is restricted from some kind of food then it is for the benefit of the health of that patient (Sato, 2012). 7. a. Nursing Code of Conduct: As mentioned in conduct statement 1, nurses should have to undertake activities in a safe and competent manner (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2015). As a consequence, it can be said that taking care of the patient is the first concern but here Stuart by doing act of negligence didnt follow out this conduct.b. Nursing Code of Ethics: The value statement 4 of the nursing code of ethics states that the nurses should do their best in providing care to the patient according to the set quality standards assigned to them (Nursi ngmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2015). In this particular case Susan again didnt amend this law as she didnt meet up the quality of care to Susan by tying her up by sheets and not providing bed rails (Gastmans, 2013).Secondly Stuart didnt even make up the privacy and confidentiality of Susan by providing her friends the medical chart.c. Enrolled Nursing Competency Standards: The competency element 3.3 states that nurses should have to demonstrate analytical skill in accessing as well as evaluating health information of a specific patient (Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au, 2015). According to this standard, the nurses performance is assessed to retain the licensee or to practice as a nurse in Australia. In this Stuart license can be retained as she does not meet her competency standards by providing insufficient care to Susan.8. The ethical dilemma for Stuart in Susans situation may be the putting of bed rails which according empirical knowledge she should put but due to some personal belief li ke Susan is an old and matured lady who is having extreme pain so she would not move and stay there in the bed restrained her from putting the bed rails (Valois-Nuez,2011). Steps for decision making model:1. By doing this EN Stuart though all the moral values are followed. 2. This is following the ethics of providing accurate care without injuries. 3.The EN thought not putting the bed rails would not harm Susan as she is mature enough to stay in the bed patiently (Miracle, 2011).4. The EN thought by not putting rails she is doing justice to Susan as she is a grownup who can understand things and are not adamant. She is doing justice to her freedom and her age. 5. The EN is following steps of Humanity in this. She is as a human can fell the uneasiness and lock up feeling by putting a patient in bed rails so for Susan considering her a old grown up lady she didnt put the rails.9. a) As an EN Stuart should first patiently listen to the complaint of her relatives than she should keep her point that she and the hospital staff is doing best to protect and safe guard Susans health. She can also explain the treatment steps that are being followed by the doctor and the care steps that are provided to Susan (Parakh, 2011).b). The family should be encouraged by telling that in spite of meeting with a huge accident Susans life is saved, her pain is lessened but she is blind from one eye. So the nurse should convince the family by saying as Susan is already old and now without an eye they should be with her like a strong support and should bring about positive hopes in her so that she can live her life again in a proper manner (Sato, 2012).c). As an EN the complaint lodged by Susans family must be respected as they do not know about the surgical procedure which was performed on her eye would be so dangerous that she became blind from one eye. So the family should be explained in detail about the happening and the reason of surgery behind this (Valois-Nuez 2011).10. The nurses are required to deal with the old patients more seriously and amending the code of ethics and codes of nursing while dealing with them. Any harm abuse or neglect to the o ld people can be a danger on their nursing license. It is stated as per Aged Care Act 2007 under the section 42 by the Australian government (Zanartu, 2014).